Linux and Windows are two different types of operating systems.
Windows applications which require a Windows server:
ASP.NET
MSSQL
MS Access
Visual Basic development
Remote Desktop (dedicated servers only)
Linux is free and open source software, which can be used, freely modified, and redistributed by anyone under the terms of the GNU GPL and other free software licences. The most popular Linux distro are RedHat, Solaris, Ubuntu, FreeBSD, Debian, CentOS, and much more.
The most common application used:
PHP
CGI
Perl
MySQL
Apache
One other difference is that Windows files are not case-sensitive and Linux files are case-sensitive.
Example:
On a Windows server, index.html, Index.html, and INDEX.HTML are the same name.
On a Linux server, index.html and Index.html are different names.
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